Abstract
Biliary endoscopy is underutilized by interventional radiologists and has the potential
to become an effective adjunctive tool to help both diagnose and treat a variety of
biliary pathology. This is particularly true in cases where endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography fails or is not feasible due to surgically altered anatomy.
Both preoperative clinical and technical procedural factors must be taken into consideration
prior to intervention. In this article, clinical evaluation, perioperative management,
and procedural techniques for percutaneous biliary endoscopy are reviewed.
Keywords
percutaneous endoscopy - biliary stones - benign biliary strictures - malignant biliary
strictures - interventional radiology
